Article pour les cliniciens
L'efficacité et la sécurité de l'aspirine en prévention primaire d'événements cardiovasculaires: une méta-analyse et analyse séquentielle d'essais d'essais contrôlés randomisés.
PMID: 30561620
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Médecine familiale (MF)/Médecine générale (MG)Relevance - 7/7
Intérêt médiatique - 6/7 -
Médecine interne générale - Soins primairesRelevance - 7/7
Intérêt médiatique - 6/7 -
- CardiologieRelevance - 7/7
Intérêt médiatique - 5/7 -
Médecine interne (voir sous-spécialités ci-dessous)Relevance - 6/7
Intérêt médiatique - 5/7 -
Santé publiqueRelevance - 6/7
Intérêt médiatique - 5/7
Résumé (en anglais)
AIMS: The role of aspirin in the primary prevention setting is continuously evolving. Recent randomized trials have challenged the role of aspirin in the primary prevention setting.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Electronic databases were searched for randomized trials that compared aspirin vs. placebo (or control) in subjects without established atherosclerotic disease. The primary efficacy outcome was all-cause mortality, while the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Summary estimates were reported using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. A total of 11 trials with 157 248 subjects were included. At a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, aspirin was not associated with a lower incidence of all-cause mortality [risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.02; P = 0.30]; however, aspirin was associated with an increased incidence of major bleeding (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.31-1.65; P < 0.0001) and intracranial haemorrhage (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.58; P = 0.001). A similar effect on all-cause mortality and major bleeding was demonstrated in diabetic and high cardiovascular risk patients (i.e. 10-year risk >7.5%). Aspirin was associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.94; P = 0.006); however, this outcome was characterized by considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 67%), and this effect was no longer evident upon limiting the analysis to the more recent trials. Trial sequential analysis confirmed the lack of benefit of aspirin for all-cause mortality up to a relative risk reduction of 5%.
CONCLUSION: Among adults without established cardiovascular disease, aspirin was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of all-cause mortality; however, it was associated with an increased incidence of major bleeding. The routine use of aspirin for primary prevention needs to be reconsidered.
Commentaires cliniques (en anglais)
General Internal Medicine-Primary Care(US)
There is more evidence that aspirin fails to provide sufficient benefits in primary prevention, even in patients at risk for atherosclerosis such as diabetics, and such use is associated with important bleeding risks.
Public Health
This systematic review and trial sequential analysis demonstrated clearly that the use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events may not be as useful as we thought before. The findings were in line with a recently published large randomized controlled trial. The trial sequential analysis also showed that the cumulative patients had exceeded the futility boundary suggesting that no more studies are required for this issue (i.e. lack of benefit from aspirin on all-cause mortality)!
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